Insights into the dynamics of the Nirano Mud Volcano through seismic characterization of drumbeat signals and V/H analysis

Mud volcanoes are rapidly-evolving geological phenomena characterized by the surface expulsion of sediments and fluids from over-pressurized underlying reservoirs. We investigate Nirano Volcano, Northern Italy, with seismic methods to better understand dynamic evolution system shed light on its subsurface structure. Our study allowed detect characterize three different types high-frequency drumbeat signals that present in most active part mud volcano plumbing system. With a back-projection method based cross-correlation envelope recorded at station pairs, we can determine source location drumbeats. These coincide V/H (vertical-to-horizontal) amplitude peaks obtained an ambient vibration profile resistivity anomalies identified previous study. observe drumbeats P-wave dominated signals, characteristics similar those found magmatic settings, i.e. LPs (long-period signals). suggest such tremors originate migration gas inside volcanic conduits. The location, waveform frequency content evolve over time. occurrence is directly linked morphological changes surface.